Basic accounting rules group all finance related things into 5 fundamental types of “accounts”. That is, everything that accounting deals with can be placed into one of these 5 accounts:
Assets - things you own.
Liabilities - things you owe.
Equity - overall net worth.
Income - increases the value of your accounts.
Expenses - decreases the value of your accounts.
It is clear that it is possible to categorize your financial world into these 5 groups. For example, the cash in your bank account is an asset, your mortgage is a liability, your paycheck is income, and the cost of dinner last night is an expense.
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